Business Law - 949 Words

P 205 case 7 Mary McDonald, an 86-year-old woman, was frequently complaining about the high cost of maintenance of her house and high property taxes. She decided to cancel her fire insurance to reduce expenses. Mary’s daughter was aware of her mother’s concern about the property, and she took Mary to the lawyer’s office to sign some papers that would protect her mother. When Mary came to the lawyer’s office, she was advised that the paper she was going to sign was the deed to the property. Mary signed a document. Later on, when the municipal tax bill arrived, Mary McDonald was really surprised to see that the property was in her daughter’s name. The mistake occurred. Mary McDonald entered into an agreement in such a way that the†¦show more content†¦cheque in the amount of $4500 instead of the full $6000. In this case, the agent (Kent) did not disclose the identity of the principal to the third party (Somerset Pet Shops Ltd.), so the agent alone in this case would be liable. The third party may look to the agent for damages. The agent, by the same rule of law, would be entitled to enforce the agreement against the third party if the third party should fail to perform the agreement in accordance with its terms. P 309 case 5 Due to its nature, partnership is generally liable for the acts of the individual partners if committed in the course of the partnership business. However, liabilities of every partner may be regulated by the written agreement signed by partners. If no written agreement is signed by partners, liabilities of the partnership are regulated by the Partnership Act. If one of the partners retires, he or she may not be liable for the future debts of partnership if an official notice of the change is sent to creditors and the public. However, there were no official notice sent by the partners in the case; therefore, Toby may be liable for the debts of partnership. Due to the death of the third partner, partnership may be dissolved. In order to pay off the debts, assets should be sold and partners are free to continue the same kind of business after the dissolution of theShow MoreRelatedBusiness Law And Ethics : Backoffice Business Brief1862 Words   |  8 Pages Running head: BACKOFFICE BUSINESS BRIEF 1 Business Law and Ethics BackOffice Business Brief Patten University BACKOFFICE BUSINESS BRIEF 2 Constitutional Rights and Guarantees BackOffice is a new startup business that will provide potential clients with an application (app) that woul d automate certain business functions. BackOffice will be selling the app to certain business clients that will use it to facilitate their customers’ transactions. It is important that the owner of this companyRead MoreLegal Underpinnings of Business Law Essay609 Words   |  3 PagesLegal Underpinnings of Business Law OMM 670: Legal Environment February 25, 2013 Legal Underpinnings of Business Law Business | Type of Business | Liability Exposure | Compare | Contrast | Tinker’s Home Security Service | Sole proprietorship | Unlimited | Monetary rewards are from both the Proprietor amp; business | Sole Liability | Tinker amp; Tailor’s Home Security Service | General partnership | Unlimited | All partners are responsible whether silent or active | If you areRead MoreLaw 531 Business Forms Worksheet1386 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Business Forms Worksheet There are seven forms of business: sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability partnership, limited liability company (including the single member LLC), S Corporation, Franchise, and Corporation. 1. Research and provide three advantages and three disadvantages for each business form. 2. Provide a 100- to 200-word summary in which you provide an example business that you would start for each form. What is legally necessary toRead MoreBusiness Law3143 Words   |  13 Pages2012 – OCTOBER SEMESTER 2012 STUDENT NAME: CHU THI HONG TUYEN ID No.: 2448481 BMLW5103 – BUSINESS LAW ASSIGNMENT Question 1 Discuss the enforceability of an agreement which lacks consideration. Using legal authorities (relevant statutes and cases) to support your discussion. Answer: A valid contract is an agreement made between two or more parties that creates rights and obligations that are enforced by law. What does the consideration mean? And what does it effect to the agreement? ConsiderationRead MoreBusiness Law : Labor And Employment Law891 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Law: Labor and Employment Law Each and every day business throughout the United States are met with challenging situations that are centered around labor and employment law. As the director of human resources for Company X, I have been tasked with analyzing three situations that may or may not violate any federal acts. The federal acts that will be considered are the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA), the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA), and the Americans withRead MoreBusiness Law762 Words   |  4 PagesB Bai 1 : Business Law: 40. Principle of Law: In this case, Esposito hired Excel Construction Company to repair a porch roof. All terms of the agreement were specified in a written contract. And the dispute occurred when Excel had repaired the rear porch roof because in the agreement failed to specify whether it was the front or rear porch that needed repair. Under civil law, two parties here had signed a civil contract in writing. Because the contract failed to specify clearly front or rearRead MoreBusiness Law Development Of Mongolia2212 Words   |  9 PagesCourse Paper Myagmarsuren Jargal International American University BUS 540: Business Law for Managers Flavia LLoyd June 28, 2015 Business Law Development Issues in Mongolia Mongolia is a developing country, which is encountering challenges to develop modern business law. During the twentieth century, Mongolia had been a socialist country and developed almost fifty years of non-private property regime. However, the end of the twentieth century, the country changed its regime to democraticRead MoreBusiness Law1345 Words   |  6 PagesQn 1: Whether James can hold the Happy Holiday Hotel for the loss of his property under the common law? The issue of this case will be whether James can hold Happy Holiday Hotel responsible for the loss of his property notwithstanding the exemption clause found in the hotel rooms. Under the Exemption Clauses in Common Law, it states that in order for this clause to be valid, the clause must be included in the contract when the contract is made. If there is any attempt to include it in after theRead MoreBusiness Law1088 Words   |  5 Pagesconditional constitute consideration? Yes, such a promise consideration even if the condition is unlikely to occur. 3. What is the general rule about the adequacy of consideration? The adequacy of the consideration is irrelevant because the law does not prohibit bargains. 5. Is there consideration when a secured note for a lesser amount is given and accepted in discharge of an unsecured note for a greater amount? Explain. No, because if a secured not for a lesser amount is given andRead MoreBusiness Law2474 Words   |  10 Pagesnature of liability in negligence amp; (3.3) Explain how a business can be vicariously liable 4 (4.1) Apply the elements of the tort of negligence and defences in the above different business situations for the legal officer who is assigned to VJSC amp; (4.2) Apply the elements of vicarious liability in above different business situations for the legal officer who is assigned to VJSC 8 Conclusion 11 References 12 Introduction Law plays important roles to protect benefits, obligations and

Analysis of the Poem The Weary Blues - 539 Words

Poem Analysis The Weary Blues This speaker gives a detailed description of listening to a blues musician in Harlem. This poem has a mournful tone and tempo of blues due to its diction, repetitive lines and inclusion of blues lyrics thus, giving the reader an appreciation of the state of mind of the blues musician in the poem. In the poem, the poet incorporates several literary devices to assist in upholding the theme and tone of the poem. The main theme in this poem is the importance of music in humans daily lives; music is used to guide mixed emotions, express joy and happiness, describe personal issues or as a means to release anger and frustration. Langston in his poem gives consideration to the elements of blues music in the entire poem. Words associated with music, melody and tune are used to describe the night, the blues and the piano player. The sound of the music is described as a mellow croon as the piano player sings the tune o those weary blues. The raggy tune and melancholy tone portray music that is sad, sobering, and grim. The colloquial language used in the poem captures the readers attention while the diction used emphasizes the musicians societal disposition while highlighting his frustrations; Aint got nobody but ma self. Is gwine quit my frownin...I aint happy no mo. In addition, the poem uses imagery extensively; words like drowsy, rocking, pale dull pallor, lazy sway, rickety stool, and raggy tune portray theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem The Weary Blues Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesThe Weary Blues is one of many Langston Hughes’s poetry during the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance is a time in American history, in the cities where African Americans were concentrated like Harlem, many master pieces of art, music and literature were created. Blues was much enjoyed during the period; people listened to it and loved it. In the poem of The Weary Blues, people alive through music, and the strong power of music supported the suffering of the black people in that time periodRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Jazz And Blues Langston Hughes s The Weary Blues 1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe Characteristics of Jazz and Blues in Langston Hughes’s The Weary Blues While I was reading Langston Hughes’s poems, I have noticed his outstanding accomplishment in his blending creation of Negro musical characteristics and poetry. And The Weary Blues is his peaked piece of a combination of both jazz and blues. The poem reflected American African’s living situation during the Harlem Renaissance, it sufficiently revealed the cultural charm of Negros and Hughes’s fully affirms of his national dignityRead MoreLangston Hughes The Weary Blues Analysis1256 Words   |  6 PagesOn Langston Hughes’s The Weary Blues Kevin Young, a graduate of Harvard University and one of the winners of the Guggenheim Fellowship, writes the historical perspective of Langston Hughes. He discusses the flowering of the African American literature and culture and how it is actually just the extension of the New Negro movement. From the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes is able to represent â€Å"different things† for â€Å"different men.† The uprising of Hughes’s poems are the result of their hardshipsRead MoreReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagespeople who have the most reason to despair but show the least evidence of it† (Bloom, â€Å"Thematic Analysis of the ‘Weary Blues’† 14). He tells the story of their life and times to voice his displeasure with the oppression of blacks (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). His work opens the public’s eye about what it is like to be black in America (â€Å"Langston Hughesâ₠¬  792). In Hughes’ short poem â€Å"Harlem,† the speaker of the poem questions how the African American dream of equal opportunity is being constantly deferredRead MoreRhetorical Devices Of `` We Wear The Mask `` And `` Harlem ``885 Words   |  4 Pagescentury. In â€Å"We Wear the Mask†, Dunbar primarily employs the rhetorical device of metaphorical allusion to give the reader a sense of how African-Americans navigated socially in a traditionally white supremacist, patriarchal society. He begins his poem, with â€Å"We wear the mask that grins and lies, it hides are cheeks and shades our eyes† (Dunbar, â€Å"We Wear the Mask†). Here, he employs the use of the mask to elaborate on the â€Å"double-consciousness† that African-Americans had to exhibit in order to functionRead MoreWilla Cathers Pauls Case: A Literary Analysis1169 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis Pauls Case The protagonist in Willa Cathers short story, Pauls Case, is adolescent named Paul. Pauls problem is that he has trouble following rules. Paul has a problem with various kinds of authorities including his teachers, principal, and father. From Pauls perspective, his problem is society. Society does not conform to him and repeatedly makes attempts on him to conform to it. Paul is disgusted, repulsed, and bored by middle class life in Pittsburgh. Pauls real problemRead MoreJames Mecer Langston Hughes: Literary Genius1763 Words   |  8 PagesAfrican-American poet, whose poetry was driven by blues, jazz, and other prominent ideas of the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes graduated from high school in 1920. After graduating high school he spent some time with his father in Mexico (â€Å"James Mercer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ par. 2). Some of Hughess early works were influenced by the absence of his parents. Langston attended college at Columbia University but later dropped out. When he was at Columbia University he already had created a poem titled â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers†. HughesRead MoreLangston Hughes ´ Memories in His Poems Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagesway to inspire and strived to be the voice of his people and the force to help the dreams of many to move forward. The idea of whether or not to pursue a dream is addressed in one of his poems where he asks â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred?† (Langston Hughes, Dreams Deferred). The style of writing in this poem takes the use of questions as a way to have the reader really ponder about a dream that is not pursued. In a sense, Hughes is trying to paint the picture that the dreams that people do notRead MoreJames Langston Hughes And Countee Cullen934 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican-Americans living in the United State. These men had differences in their writing, but one mutual objective. James Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri on February 1, 1902. Hughes began writing poetry when he lived in Lincoln, Illinois. The Weary Blues was his first book of poetry and it was published in 1926. Hughes attended Columbia University and Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, which is where he finished his college education. Hughes first novel won the Harmon gold medal for literatureRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem I, Too978 Words   |  4 Pagessecond-class citizens. Even with all the suffering Hughes found a positive side and managed to create inspiring poetry. In his poem â€Å"I, Too† he describes how domestic servants are treated by the owner when guests come to visit. Hughes uses this situation to create optimistic and patriotic poetry. Hughes views America as the land of freedom, equality and opportunity and he uses his poems to boost peoples pride and argue against racial injustice. Some critics mistake the simple form and language of Hughes

The Involvement of Protein Structure in DNA and RNA Function

Question: Describe the following points.. Involvement of proteins in DNA functionInvolvement of protein structure in RNA function Answer: Introduction The role of the protein structure in the function of the DNA and the RNA has been discussed in the report. Protein plays an important role in the damage and repair of DNA. It has important role in the maintenance of the helical structure of DNA. The role of the various proteins in the maintenance of DNA and RNA structure and function has been discussed. Living organisms are dependent on three large types of molecules to continue their biological functions. The large molecules are RNA, DNA and protein. The simple summary of the three macromolecules will be that DNA produces RNA and RNA produces protein. It is important to analyze the involvement of protein in the function of the DNA and RNA as it is the basic molecule necessary for all the biological functions of the body (Moore and Steitz, 2010). DNA is the macro molecule that is responsible for encoding the instructions that is required for the reproduction of the living organism. Proteins are responsible for catalyzing the biochemical reactions. It provides food and energy that is required by every living organism. The role of RNA is multifunctional but the main responsibility of RNA is to make protein. The instructions for synthesis of protein are encoded by the DNA. Thus it is important to analyze the importance of protein structure in the functioning of DNA and RNA since all th e three macromolecules are interconnected to one another (Boehr, Nussinov and Wright, 2009). Involvement of Proteins in DNA function Proteins are involved in the various functions of DNA. DNA is the basic macromolecule of all biological organisms. The damage and repair of the DNA structure is done by chromatin. The structure of chromatin is an important factor for the determination of the efficiency and the mechanism of DNA repair. The phosphodiester backbone of the DNA is broken as a result of its exposure to physical and chemical assaults like certain genotoxic agents or alkylating agents. The recognition of the damaged DNA is essential as they cannot participate in the process of replication and has to be removed. The lesions in the DNA are recognized by proteins, for e.g., XPA-RPA, XPC-HR23B and XPE protein complexes. The eukaryotic cells are packed with a nucleo-protein complex known as chromatin. The fundamental unit of chromatin is the nucleosome. It comprises of 146 base pairs of DNA(Ursic, 2004). They are wrapped around the octamer that is made of core histones. Histone proteins plays a major role both st ructural and functional in maintenance of the transition between active and inactive states of chromatin. The histone protein forms a octamer with eight complex of protein and a nucleosome core particle at the centre. There are two copies of each of four histone proteins (H3, H$, H2A and H2B). It has been identified that there is interrelationship between the chromatin and DNA repair. The cellular proteins that are involved in the process of repair of the damage containing DNA are known as DDB (Rohs et al., 2009). There are other forms of chromatin proteins and transcription factors that which is known as the non repair proteins. The chromatin functions are controlled by the High mobility group (HMG) proteins that are visible in the cells of the eukaryotes. The HMG proteins serve as the structural component of the chromatin. The HMG box proteins bind with DNA and assist its various functions of bending, looping, super coiling and unwinding (Xin ,Taudte , Limbach and Zitomer , 2000) A single gene can perform multiple functions as there are several proteins that bind both DNA and RNA. Such DNA-RNA proteins are known as DNA-RNA binding proteins (DRBPs). These proteins have unique functional characteristics whichstem from their unique structural features. The DBRPs regulate various cellular process of the body. They control the process of transcription, translation, licensing of the genes and micro RNA biogenesis and the maintenance of telomere (Wright and Dyson, 1999). The DNA binding proteins are single stranded in nature. They assist in nuclear metabolism of all organisms including bacteria. The two proteins namely ssDNA and replication protein (RPA) play an essential role in the metabolism of DNA. They bind to DNA and keep it unfolded andplay a role in the assembly and disassembly of numerous protein complexes during replication of DNA (Zou et al. , 2006). The role of RPA in the process of repair of DNA has become evident. The involvement of the particular sequences of DNA by proteins is dependent on mechanisms that are generally of two types. The hydrogen bonds are formed with the help of the unique bases. It is formed in the major groove and there are the proteins that prevent the deformation of the DNA helix. The binding of the residues of arginine in the grooves is a mode which is used for the recognising the protein DNA. The main example of this binding is seen in the nucleosome core particle (Puttaraju, 2001). They help in the detection of the variations in the DNA shape with the electrostatic phenomena helps the protein to use the information that is present in the minor grooves (Lee and Chung, 2001). Source: www.dandrealab.org The process of repair of DNA damage has been discussed in the diagram. The FA/BRCA pathway is followed for the process of DNA damage repair. The activation of the DNA duplex by the complex interaction of the enzymes has been discussed (Fall et al., 2004). Involvement of protein structure in RNA function The chaperones act as very sophisticated machine for protein that provides assessment in the unfolding and folding of the molecules of RNA. The chaperones help the molecules of RNA to reach to their usual 3 dimensional structure. It is seen that RNA has the general tendency of misfolding the proteins.The activity of chaperones is very important and highly advantageous to the highly dependent function of the RNA (Tompa, 2005). The proteins and the RNA interact with one another to perform diverse functions. Unique tRNAs are attached to the aminoacyl t-RNA synthetases for the translation of the codes related to genes in the production of the proteins. There is interaction between the protein and the RNA when they form complex structural elements which are secondary such as loops, bulges and stem. The RNA binding sites of the proteins that are involved in the synthesis of the proteins are 1.5 times the mass of the RNA complexes. They are twice the size of the viral complexes. These comprises of two structural domains (Fu, 2014). One has interaction with the acceptor stem and the other has interaction with the anticodon part of the RNA. This has separated the recognition site of the RNA (Widlak, Pietrowska and Lanuszewska, 2005). The protein binding with the RNA maintains the structural cohesion of the protein structure. The expression of the genes in Eukaryotes involves a complex interaction between the transcripts which are primary that are involved in the process of maturation of the transcripts which includes slicing, transcription and termination. There are several proteins that form part of the transcriptosome that is associated with the domain of C- terminal. C- terminal is the end of the amino acid chain. During the translation of protein from mRNA it creates the c-terminus. It is the biggest subunit of RNA of the eukaryotes polymerase II. These proteins act as a bridge between the RNA and the polymerase. The role of the proteins in the processing of the RNA cannot be ignored. One of the major roles of RNA is to facilitate the translation of the DNA molecule into the RNA molecule. This takes place with a series of biochemical reactions that enable the translation of the RNA into protein. hnRNA is the direct duplicate of the DNA. There are introns and extrons which are present in the coding and the non-coding regions of the nucleotides. Post transcriptional processing occurs in the hnRNA that involves the removal of the introns and there is addition of the adenines. They are added to the single stranded molecule of RNA. The mRNA is found to attach itself to the ribosome and allows it to initiate thesynthesis of protein. There is the location of another type of RNA in the protein in the ribosome which is known as the tRNA. The matching of the specific codon occurs by the amino acid and the process begins at the specific sites of the mRNA. There are certain chemical reactions that are transferred to the growing polypeptide by the interactions of the chemicals for the production of the protein. The ribosomes that are involved in the conversion of the mRNA into proteins are found to be large and complex (Bader et al., 2001). Source : www.cell.com The process of transcription and translation has been shown in the diagram. The formation of single strand of RNA from double stranded DNA has been discussed. The protein formation has been shown (Goodman, 2008). Conclusion The report has highlighted the involvement of structure of the protein the functions of DNA and RNA. It is evident from the report that protein plays an important role in the repair of DNA. There is involvement of chromatin in the repair of the DNA. The functions of the proteins are controlled by the HMG group of proteins. They assist in repair of the damaged DNA so that the replication of the DNA is not hampered. There are also special DNA-RNA binding proteins that are involved in the process of assembly of the protein complexes in the DNA. Protein structure has important role in the functions of RNA. Protein is synthesized by the process of translation of RNA. The synthesis of the protein is an important aspect as the macro molecules are involved in several functions. The proteins are involved in the repair of the double stranded DNA and the single stranded RNA. The folding of the protein molecules is assisted by the chaperone protein machines. They function in the mechanism of fol ding and unfolding of the RNA.Therefore protein structure plays a major role in the function of DNA and RNA. DNA damage and repair is done by the proteins. The RNA function is maintained by protein. References Xin, H., Taudte, S., Kallenbach, N. R., Limbach, M. P., and Zitomer, R. S. (2000). DNA binding by single HMG box model proteins.Nucleic acids research,28(20), 4044-4050. Zou, Y., Liu, Y., Wu, X., Shell, S. M. (2006). Functions of human replication protein A (RPA): from DNA replication to DNA damage and stress responses.Journal of cellular physiology,208(2), 267-273. Bader, A., Schneider, M., Bister, K. and Hartl, M. (2001). TOJ3, a target of the v-Jun transcription factor, encodes a protein with transforming activity related to human microspherule protein 1 (MCRS1).Oncogene, 20(51), pp.7524-7535. Boehr, D., Nussinov, R. and Wright, P. (2009). Erratum: The role of dynamic conformational ensembles in biomolecular recognition.Nature Chemical Biology, 5(12), pp.954-954. Fu, X. (2014). Potential protein-encoded synthesis of DNA and RNA.Hypothesis, 12(1). Lee, J. and Chung, J. (2001). Diverse functions of BRCA1 in the DNA damage response.ERM, 3(15). microRNAs control the function of telomeres in cancer. (2014).RNA DISEASE. Moore, P. and Steitz, T. (2010). The Roles of RNA in the Synthesis of Protein.Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 3(11), pp.a003780-a003780. Puttaraju, M. (2001). Messenger RNA Repair and Restoration of Protein Function by Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing.Molecular Therapy, 4(2), pp.105-114. Rohs, R., West, S., Sosinsky, A., Liu, P., Mann, R. and Honig, B. (2009). The role of DNA shape in proteinDNA recognition.Nature, 461(7268), pp.1248-1253. Tompa, P. (2005). The interplay between structure and function in intrinsically unstructured proteins.FEBS letters,579(15), 3346-3354. Ursic, D. (2004). Multiple protein/protein and protein/RNA interactions suggest roles for yeast DNA/RNA helicase Sen1p in transcription, transcription-coupled DNA repair and RNA processing.Nucleic Acids Research, 32(8), pp.2441-2452. Widlak, P., Pietrowska, M. and Lanuszewska, J. (2005). The role of chromatin proteins in DNA damage recognition and repair Mini-review.Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 125(1-2), pp.119-126. Wright, P. and Dyson, H. (1999). Intrinsically unstructured proteins: re-assessing the protein structure-function paradigm.Journal of Molecular Biology, 293(2), pp.321-331.

The Choking Doberman Essay Research Paper My free essay sample

The Choking Doberman Essay, Research Paper My Analysis The Choking Doberman by Jan Harold Brunvand ; is a aggregation of urban fables and their significances and/or beginnings. It discusses assorted urban fables and there evident significances. Each chapter provides several versions of a individual fable and several other related fables, along with Brunvand s outline of each and quotes from people he surveyed. Jan Harold Brunvand ( 1933-present ) was born in Cadillac, Michigan. He received his PhD in Language Humanistic disciplines at Indiana University, and went on to learn English and folklore at the University of Utah ( 1966 ) . His early publications included work on Indiana, Utah, and Alberta folklore ; in the 1980s he published several aggregations of American urban fables, including The Choking Doberman: and other new urban fables ( 1984 ) . A paragraph associating the writer s background to the colour and spirit of the text in The Choking Doberman would be included here. But the text and/or diction in the book is colourless and flavorless and it exhibits no feeling in the words. We will write a custom essay sample on The Choking Doberman Essay Research Paper My or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is apparent and from all points of position Blah. In fact the most emotion Brunvand uses in the full book is used in this one sentence: The most absorbing 1s I received were Ts he Mannebach 2 narratives that incorporated exhaustively up-to-date mentions and therefore might stand for existent new urban fables. ( 1 ) The audience intended for this book is anyone of high school age or older necessitating research on urban fables ( unless your version of leisure reading is go throughing out over a good book ) . Besides since it was written in the 1980s the new urban fables are no longer new. Although it is written in a blassiez-faire format, Brunvand did make his prep. The book shows extended research on its subjects and in sense of cognition it possesses no holes ( Equally far as the untrained oculus can see anyhow ) . It is an first-class beginning of natural cognition. Brunvand was complete in his research and it raises merely one inquiry. How does the cat sell any books? ? He butchers a fantastic subject with an overpowering bombardment of cognition. It is such a bland representation of American Folklore. He besides dwells on the Choking Doberman for several chapters ( speak about overkill ) . For case, in a chapter about cars and RVs, Brunvand states: Seldom is it possible to convey together the sum of grounds I found to demo that The Choking Doberman is an old legendary subject ( 1 ) That makes the book repetitive and turns off many readers. Brunvand merely didn t make sense in making that.

Roman Architecture essays

Roman Architecture essays The Roman society, like any other, had its humble beginnings. The history of their architecture runs virtually in step with the history of their empire to an extent. As the Empire expanded so did the architecture, and as Romans became more magnificent their architecture followed. Roman architecture had its humble beginnings as a form of worship. The first Roman architects were the ancient priests and dwellers who made areas of sacrifice and worship for their gods. At first, their homes were simple huts but as they grew smarter and more aware of their surroundings, they erected monumental sites for their gods. This space shall be for worship and for nothing else; it shall be four-square; ... whatever is done or said in this holy space the gods shall be aware of; whatever comes ... shall be a sign from the gods. (Brown 10) So, like many arts, Roman architectures roots are embedded in the worshiping and homage paid in religion. The Romans were, of course, not the first to unveil and practice many of their building philosophies; however, they built like no other society before them. Their methods incorporated efficiency and sophistication to construct a whole new look. So with the rise of the Romans and the everlasting hail of Caesar after Caesar and Emperor after Emperor, Roman architecture expanded and influenced building over the world. Unlike the Empire, though, Roman design did not die at the hands of the Germanics, or rather at the hands of self-destruction; it continued to expand and play a part in every major style throughout history. Today, a look at any bridge, tunnel, skyscraper and most buildings will reveal a Roman influence. Even through its empires own tribulations and defeat, architecture has stood as an everlasting symbol of what Rome once was, and what the rest of the world is today. To conclude, Roman architecture cannot be looked at as a mere time period or cu...

Healthcare Adds 41,000 More Jobs in August Which Sectors are Surging

Healthcare Adds 41,000 More Jobs in August Which Sectors are Surging The unemployment rate has finally decreased to what it was in 2008 and more Americans are finding gainful employment. Nowhere is  this more evident than in the health care sector- jobs there increased by 41,000 this summer, accounting for about 25% of the 173,000 jobs added in August 2015. There are two main factors to credit for this surge:  the success of the Affordable Care Act has meant an increase in insured individuals and the growing number of aging Americans needing care in their advanced age.This good news also means that multiple health care areas are hiring: 21,000 jobs were added to ambulatory centers recently, and hospitals also increased their workforce by adding 16,000 jobs. Even physicians’ offices saw rapid gains with 7,000 additional jobs. The number of workers in the health care sector in August topped 15.2 million.Dentists Lead the PackJob openings for dentists are expected to exceed 16 percent growth by 2022. These health care professionals enjoy an ex cellent life/work balance and make a comfortable salary.Nurse Practitioner JobsNurse practitioners help physicians by doing many duties such as approving treatments, counseling patients, and performing some exams. Their median salary is $92,000, and the upcoming number of job openings is expected to exceed 37,000.PhysiciansPhysicians are needed in almost every specialty. The employment rate is expected to exceed 18 percent, or 123,300 jobs. A physician’s median salary is about $186, 000.Dental HygienistThese health care workers are instrumental in helping patients achieve good oral health through counseling services. Jobs are available in schools, dental offices, and the public health system. Many dental hygienists also work in research.Dental hygienists who work at part-time jobs make approximately $34 per hour. There are 64,200 jobs expected to be available, with a median salary of about $71,000.Physical TherapistPhysical therapists are needed for a wide range of jobs- from working with accident victims to helping the elderly regain an independent lifestyle. There are 73,500 new jobs expected on the horizon. These health care workers have an annual salary of approximately $79,000.Physician AssistantThe role of the physician assistant is growing in popularity. These professionals work in private primary care and family medicine offices, as well as emergency rooms. Overall, 33,300 jobs are expected to be available with an  annual salary of $90,930.Occupational TherapistAs more and more patients are trying to live an independent life after a wide assortment of illnesses, occupational therapists are enjoying excellent job growth. These health care workers are employed in rehab centers, medical offices, hospitals, and schools. Some also visit patient homes.About 32,000 new jobs will be open for this speciality, which pays in the neighborhood of $75,000.Looking for health care jobs that fit your needs, whether part-time or full-time, is well served by try ing the free services of TheJobNetwork. This platform lets you list your qualifications and the type of work you want. It searches for positions around the clock, reporting them to you via email. The burgeoning health care field is an opportunity to secure employment in an expanding field and TheJobNetwork will help in your search.

Desertification a quiet phenomenon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Desertification a quiet phenomenon - Essay Example Desertification needs to be addressed by the governments of the world on the grounds of social justice as well.   Many affected and displaced by desertification are among the poorest in the world.   In many cases, they live in societies that are not free and democratic.   In these instances, their livelihoods are threatened by decision made by governments seeking to enrich national leaders at the expense of the poor.   In societies ruled by power and patronage, the most helpless suffer for the unwise decisions of the powerful.   Desertification needs to be addressed by the international community because it is a symptom of other dire societal ills.   Nearly two billion people live in the areas that are in danger of desertification for one reason or another.   Most of these people live in the developing countries.  The geographic locations that are most susceptible to desertification are found in the marginal lands surrounding the world’s great deserts.   Dese rtification usually brings to mind the Sahael region of Africa and the Caspian Basin in Asia.   These are surely the most famous areas of desertification currently recognized in the world, but they are by no means the only areas suffering from this issue.   The geographic expanse of this problem is indeed massive.   Nearly 40% of the landmass on earth has a dry land climate.   This means the areas are already desert.      The mechanism causing the transformation of productive or stable soil into desert can be any of a number of things, but their end result is always the same.

Essay about Karma Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

About Karma - Essay Example Nowadays, some people believe in karma, some don’t but I think the principle of karma is very fair and makes sense. Imagine how great it would be if all our actions and thoughts would influence our karma and then our life. It would certainly make the world a better place. I don’t know for sure, just as nobody else, if karma exists but I’d like to think it does. Let’s have a look at how it works in real life. There was this hockey game, Chicago was playing against Colorado. During the game one of the players wanted to hit the puck but missed and accidentally hit a player. The player got injured in the nose and as he was leaving the ice to get some help, one of the fans started making fun of his injury and calling him names. The player didn’t say anything and just left the rink. Several minutes after that one of the players did a bad hit on the puck and it accidentally flew over the glass fence that separates the spectators from players and hit one of the fans on the head. The funniest thing is that it was the same guy who was making fun of the player several minutes before that. The player then approached the fan and told him something. The fan probably learnt this lesson as he was laughing at himself at the end of the game. Some people might say that it was an accident and that these two injuries have no connection between them but I think that this situation shows us that being mean to people around you might in the end have negative effect on you. After all when you start thinking about it there is a lot of real life examples that prove this point, there is even a saying from the Bible that those you come with the sword will be killed with the same sword. What goes around comes around. You can call it karma or any other word you like but there is a system of justice in the world and sooner or later everyone gets what he deserves. That is why you should be good and kind with other people if you

Tj Eckleburg Essay Example for Free

Tj Eckleburg Essay The eyes of TJ Eckleburg symbolizes the destruction of the American Dream. Evidence: Billboard fading, Main characters going into NYC to commit corruption and the Eyes looking upon the death of Myrtle. Like spiritual values, the billboard is neglected. â€Å"But his eyes, dimmed a little by many paintless days, under sun and rain, brood on over the solemn dumping ground†. â€Å"This is a valley of ashes – a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens; where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and, finally, with a transcendent effort, of ash-grey men, who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air. † The hollowness that the author describes the eyes and how its faded represents the neglect and destruction of the American dream and how it looks upon only the material wealth and not the morals of people. The eyes are also set in the valley of ashes where the poor lived and it represents the hollowness of the American dream and that its a big lie and that that gold will turn into ashes. Corruption of the American society/dream. Tom go on his affairs with Myrtle, watches Gatsby drives to meet Wolfshiem to bootleg, and watches Daisy go find new thrills with Gatsby. The eyes watches how the main characters go in and out of NYC to commit corruption. George said â€Å"God knows what youve been doing, everything youve been doing. You may fool me but you cant fool God†. George is referring to the eyes and how you can fool everyone but the eyes know what you have done and what corruption you have contributed to the American dream. What these main character do shapes how we see the American dream and it tells us it can lead to destruction. The eyes watch as Myrtle’s American dreams died along with her. Eyes see how Myrtle and Toms affair began Watched it grow, watched how desperate she wants to live the American dream. She had it but to only die because of it. She got hit by Toms car and died in front of the eyes. The eyes saw the whole affair between Tom and Myrtle from beginning to end. Mrtyle yearns to live the American dream so she has an affair with Tom. Eventually the American dream caught up to her and she neglected her values and rushed out to a fast moving toms car and got it. This signifies the end of the American dream and shows you that the hollowness of this dream and that one day gold will turn into ashes as Myrtle dies in front of the eyes in the valley of ashes. They eyes of TJ Eckleburg reflects the destruction of the American dream. Like spiritual values, the billboard is neglected, corruption of the American society/dream and the eyes watch as Myrtle’s American dreams died along with her. The eyes of TJ Eckleburg shows us that the American dream is a big lie and that all good things come to an end, that gold can become ash. The corruption and pain that the American dream brings onto you and to others is not wroth that lifestyle.

Its Raining in Mango :: Free Essay Writer

It's Raining in Mango Thea Astley’s It’s Raining in Mango (1987) is a story of Australian history told through five generations of the Laffey family. Astley introduces several issues to the reader that were and still are part of Australian society. Through the use of narrative techniques including characterisation, narrative point of view and naming, Astley is able to position the reader to challenge such societal ideologies, and instead support the thoughts and ideas expressed by the strong and dominant characters in the text. Two issues developed in the text are race and gender. Throughout the text, the white colonists are very racist towards the Aboriginals. Even cattle, horses and white women are placed hierarchically higher in society than the black people. In response to this, Astley constructs all narrations to be written through the eyes of the Laffey family, who are respectful towards Aboriginals, hence not racist, and despise societal ideologies. By making the narration of the text show a biased point of view, readers are provoked to think and feel the same way, foregrounding racism shown in the ideologies of early Australian society, and showing that Aboriginals are real people and should receive the same treatment to that given to white people. â€Å"They looked human, they had all your features.† (pg 27) There was, however, one section in the text whose narrative point of view was not given by a character in the Laffey family. This instead was given by a voice of an Aboriginal woman, when the Aboriginal children were being taken away from t heir families. By giving voice to the Aboriginal society, the reader is able to get a glimpse of their point of view on the matter, which once again shows that society was racist, and Aboriginals were treated harshly. Another narrative technique used to bring forward the issue of race is naming. By using harsh names to describe racist white people, it made Aboriginals seem a far ‘softer’ race. An example of this is Block, the white concreter who began a brawl in a pub in Mango. By using a name such as this, Thea Astley positions the reader to see Block as a hard, cold, strong male, and is also seen as an object instead of a person. Also by showing that Block is a concreter, this reinforces the thought of him being a ‘bad’ person, as he is ‘cold and hard as concrete’.

Culture and People Essay

Does culture have an impact on who we are? Have you ever notice that what is the main difference between people around the world? People eat different foods, wear variant clothes, believe in various things, and have different appearances but the main difference is how people behave and this difference comes from their culture. Culture is the shared knowledge and schemes created by a set of people for interpreting, expressing, and responding to the social realities around them. Culture means the series of norms and values that the public believe in and behave accordingly. These beliefs comes from parents and goes from one generation to another and influence people’s behavior. Culture has an impact on people’s life because it affects people’s life, their society, and the world. Parents are the first teachers that kids learn lot of things from their fathers and mothers. The environment of a family that a child grow up in is the most important thing that influences h er/his behavior because children learn how to live like their parents and parents try to teach their children the culture that their society has. People are influenced by their culture and sometimes more than one culture can be influencing a person, such as Native Tribes living in a modern society. If people from different Countries were raised in the same society then those people would have the same culture and those people would believe in the same things. Traditions help people to show their beliefs, for example Halloween is a holiday that is showing what American people celebrate, it represents as a symbol for American culture. Most people would agree that their own has been important to their shaping and development, enriched their lives and often, led to their life decisions but their culture is the products of human action which is inherited independently of the biological genes. The way that one person think not only affects people around that person but it also affects that Society. The difference between cultures will never end because it is hard to change what people believe In. People may learn lot of things from their friends but when a person wants to make a decision he/she will always compare it with her/his culture. For example personal zone is one of the traditions that most of the American people do. In the personal zone, the conversation gets more direct, and this is a good distance for two people who are talking in earnest about something. Society has always been impacted by technology. Each invention has affected how people relate to one another and how cultures have expanded or ended. Technology impacts how cities grow, where people live, and who owns what. Technologies are the reason a few people are very rich, that people are more social, and that teaching and learning is changing. People in the 21st century are at a crucial time in history where as educators can make a difference in how students interact with one another and make a place in society. People developed a language so they could communicate and invented tools for agriculture, to build homes, and to create weapons for hunting and protection. Over time many people have been influenced by other cultures and that is where different cultures meet each other. So this is the cultural evolution which people affect other cultures and cultures affect people as well. For example when a person moves to another country he/she gets influenced by that country’s culture and also that person can affect her/his society too. People’s culture influences their belief system which affects the way that people see the world . Although culture is integrated with sociology, anthropology, psychology, religions , and other aspects however this paper focuses on people’s behavior, globalism, and the cultural evolution. Culture makes societies unique, making it an essential element in influencing people’s everyday lives. It is also important to be able to recognize and respect other cultures, and not believe ones own culture is more valuable or superior than the rest. Hope that one day there would be peace all around the world and all people would speak the same language.

Is the Customer “Always Right”

Is The Customer â€Å"Always Right†? Abstract The customer is always right. It is the merchant’s wealth to safeguard the interests of customers. Many sellers think that some the customer is unreasonable and vulgar. Customer is always right for three reasons. First, the customer is always right is not the criterion of distinguished between right and wrong but is the criteria of the service work because the focus of the work is how to help customers make the right choices, and how to provide good service to customers. Next, understand the psychology of the customer can help employees easily cope with them.It is can make the seller better serving the customers and make customers to have a higher level of satisfaction. Finally, allowing guests to be picky, can improve the quality of companies and salespeople. The example of Apple and Nokia demonstrates that picky customers can make the seller better serving the customers and make customers to have a higher level of satisfac tion. The survival and development of enterprises rely on the trust and support of the customer. Like Zhang (as cited in Gluckman, the last paraphrase 2012) said â€Å"we will always be wrong†. So we will do better!Is The Customer â€Å"Always Right†? The customer is always right. Many people don’t think so, because when customers walk into a store, the clerk gives many different kinds of merchandise for them to choose from. However some customers will complain about the products. Some sellers think that some customers are picky and unreasonable. Nevertheless, no matter what kinds of the customers go into the store, regardless of the attitudes and tempers, they are â€Å"Gods†, since they bring large amount of profit for the business. Therefore, customer is always right and I have three reasons.First of all, the customer is always right† is the goal of service work, not distinguishing between right and wrong. Also, the slogan â€Å"the customer is always right† can be seen in many companies. However many people do not understand it or misunderstand the original meaning of this slogan. â€Å"The customer is always right† is not to judge the rights and wrongs of the matter. It means that companies to do their utmost best to create a good environment for the customers make guests to enjoy quality service, and to ensure the quests feel they have received good value no matter when and where.As Ray Miller (2012) stated, â€Å"It does not matter who is right and who is wrong†. For this sentence a customer may have his or her own ideas, and maybe these ideas are wrong or misguided. If pointed out that the customer is wrong, it will make things worse! Do not need to care about right and wrong with customers as a service industry. How to help customers make the right choices, and how to provide good service to customers that is the focus of service work. Secondly, understanding the psychology of the customer can hel p employees easily cope with them, but how do they cope when the customer is picky?When customers walk into a store, the clerk take out the merchandise give him the choice, more than half of customers are very critical. Frequently, customers don’t want to buy something maybe have three reasons: show off own appreciative, looking for an excuse to demand for lower prices and thinking it’s too expensive, as a reason of do not buy it. Understanding these reasons, employees can more easily seel products. Actually, a salesman usually has three purposes: he or she hopes the transaction is successful, hopes customers come again, and hopes the customers to introduce other customers to the business, because a friendly staff.Therefore, understanding customer psychology is a discipline. Serving customers as serving themselves, therefor they can provide a higher level of satisfaction. Finally, allowing guests to be picky, can improve the quality of companies and salespeople because many good advises from some customers. By contrast, Xiaoyao (2102) noted in â€Å"The difference between Apple and Nokia† that ten years ago, Nokia mobile phone sold was first place staler. With the advancement of technology people's requirements is also rising.Because of the discerning of customers, Apple innovate their products to satisfy a client's needs. However, Nokia did not think that this is important. So, Apple exceeded Nokia less than a decade. Even though some vulgar and unreasonable customer think they always right, a simple philosophy said by Zhang (Gluckman, 2012): â€Å"we always think we are wrong and only take the customer’s need as right† can impel company carry on realistic reason of social activities is society advance and power that develop. In a highly competitive market, customers have a wide right of freedom choice and to purchase the commodity.In fact, the customer also can fire anyone in the company, because they can spend money in oth er places that make customer like a boss. In my opinion, the customer is a consumer of goods and services and is the foundation source of enterprise. The survival and development of enterprises rely on the trust and support of the customer. Therefore, business should consider the issue from the customer’s point of view and it’s crucial to put customer’s satisfaction and their interests at first stage. Following this standard will improve sales and our profits.In other words, there would be no profit if on customers bought products. Hence, taking care of the interests of the guests is to take care of the business own interests. As Zhang (Gluckman, 2012) said â€Å"we will always be wrong†. So we will do better! Reference Miller, R. (2012). Is the customer always right? Retrieved from http://www. thetrainingbank. com/article_is_the_customer_always_right. htm Gluckman, R. (2012). Every Customer Is Always Right. Forbes, 189(9), 38-40. Xiaoyao (2010,7). The di fference between Apple and Nokia Retrieved from http://www. williamlong. info/archives/2236. html ———————– 1

Le Quebec essays

Le Quebec essays Le Quebec et la Guadeloupe en Comparaison Le Quebec et la Guadeloupe sont deux mondes differents qui sont unis par la langue francaise. Un se trouve au plein nord du continent americain, et lautre se trouve dans la mer Caribe dans les Antilles. Le Quebec a de temps froid la plupart de lan, en meme temps que la Guadeloupe est characterise par un climat tropique. Donc, cette distinction de climat donne deux types de vie vraiment differents. Par exemple, lhiver au Quebec consiste de la neige, la glace, et les temperatures bases. Et a cause de ce temps extreme, les Quebecois ont du sadapter a ses environs et le climat de cette region. Ils ont aussi cree des mots qui sont uniques a leur dialecte. Comme le mot, **motoneige**, qui a ete invente au Canada, est devenu mot quotidien aux mois dhiver. Les Quebecois portent des vetements lourds et chauds pour se proteger de linterperie. Mais cest un cas tout different en la Guadeloupe, les hivers semblent lete du Quebec. Il fait toujours beau a cette isle du Caribe, sauf quand il pleut. Il y a une difference qui fait la Guadeloupe unique, cest les ouragans Mais la plupart des temps, les Guadeloupeens shabillent en vetements legers et frais. Aussi ils portent des chapeaux pour se proteger des rayons du soleil. Lunique chose dont le Quebec et la Guadeloupe partagent, cest la langue francaise. On peut dire quils sont deux mondes completement differents qui ont des bonnes choses et aussi les mauvais comme les extremes dans leurs climats respectifs. ...

Anastasio Somoza García, President of Nicaragua

Anastasio Somoza Garcà ­a, President of Nicaragua Anastasio Somoza Garcà ­a (Feb. 1, 1896–Sept. 29, 1956) was a Nicaraguan general, president, and dictator from 1936 to 1956. His administration, while being one of the most corrupt in history and brutal to dissidents, was nevertheless supported by the United States because it was viewed as anti-communist. Fast Facts: Anastasio Somoza Garcà ­a Known For: Nicaraguan general, president, dictator, and founder of the Somoza Dynasty of NicaraguaBorn: Feb. 1, 1896 in San Marcos, NicaraguaParents: Anastasio Somoza Reyes and Julia Garcà ­aDied: Sept. 29, 1956 in Ancà ³n, Panama Canal ZoneEducation: Peirce School of Business Administration, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSpouse(s): Salvadora Debayle SacasaChildren: Luis Somoza Debayle, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Julio Somoza Debayle, Lilliam Somoza de Sevilla-Secasa Early Years and Family Anastasio Somoza Garcà ­a was born on Feb. 1, 1986, in San Marcos, Nicaragua, as a member of the Nicaraguan upper-middle class. His father Anastasio Somoza Reyes served as a Conservative Party senator from the department of Carazo for eight years. In 1914, he was elected vice-secretary of the Senate. He was also a signer of the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty in 1916. His mother Julia Garcà ­a was from a wealthy family of coffee planters. At the age of 19, after a family scandal, Somoza Garcia was sent to live with relatives in Philadelphia, where he attended Peirce School of Business Administration (now Peirce College). In Philadelphia, Somoza met and courted Salvadora Debayle Sacas, who had a politically well-connected family that objected to the marriage. Nevertheless, in 1919 they married in Philadelphia in a civil ceremony. They had a Catholic ceremony in Leon Cathedral when they returned to Nicaragua. They returned to Nicaragua and had a formal Catholic wedding in Leà ³n Cathedral. While in Leà ³n, Anastasio tried and failed at running several businesses: automobile sales, boxing promoter, meter reader for an electric company, and inspector of latrines at the Rockefeller Foundations Sanitary Mission to Nicaragua. He even tried counterfeiting Nicaraguan currency and only avoided prison because of his family connections. U.S. Intervention in Nicaragua The United States became directly involved in Nicaraguan politics in 1909 when it supported a rebellion against President Jose Santos Zelaya, who had long been an opponent of U.S. policies in the area. In 1912, the United States sent Marines to Nicaragua to bolster the conservative government. The Marines remained until 1925 and as soon as they left, liberal factions went to war against the conservatives. The Marines returned after only nine months away and stayed until 1933. Beginning in 1927, renegade general Augusto Cà ©sar Sandino led a revolt against the government, which lasted until 1933. Somoza and the Americans Somoza had gotten involved in the presidential campaign of Juan Batista Sacasa, his wife’s uncle. Sacasa had been vice president under a previous administration, which had been overthrown in 1925, but in 1926 he returned to press his claim as the  legitimate president. As the different factions fought, the U.S. was forced to step in and negotiate a settlement. Somoza, with his perfect English and insider’s position in the fracas, proved invaluable to the Americans. When Sacasa finally reached the presidency in 1933, the American ambassador persuaded him to name Somoza head of the National Guard. The National Guard and Sandino The National Guard had been established as a militia, trained and equipped by the U.S. Marines. It was meant to keep in check the armies raised by the liberals and conservatives in their endless skirmishing over control of the country. In 1933 when Somoza took over as head of the National Guard, only one rogue army remained: that of Augusto Cà ©sar Sandino, a liberal who had been fighting since 1927. Sandino’s biggest issue was the presence of American marines in Nicaragua, and when they left in 1933, he finally agreed to negotiate a truce. He agreed to lay down his arms, provided that his men be given land and amnesty. Somoza still saw Sandino as a threat, so in early 1934 he arranged to have Sandino captured. On February 21, 1934, Sandino was executed by the National Guard. Shortly thereafter, Somoza’s men raided the lands that had been given to Sandino’s men after the peace settlement, slaughtering the former guerillas. In 1961, leftist rebels in Nicaragua established the National Liberation Front: in 1963 they added â€Å"Sandinista† to the name, assuming his name in their struggle against the Somoza regime, by then being led by Luà ­s Somoza Debayle and his brother Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Anastasio Somoza Garcà ­a’s two sons. Somoza Seizes Power President Sacasa’s administration was severely weakened in 1934–1935. The Great Depression had spread to Nicaragua and the people were unhappy. In addition, there were many allegations of corruption against him and his government. In 1936, Somoza, whose power had been growing, took advantage of Sacasa’s vulnerability and forced him to resign, replacing him with Carlos Alberto Brenes, a Liberal Party politician who mostly answered to Somoza. Somoza himself was elected in a crooked election, assuming the presidency on January 1, 1937. This began the period of Somoza rule in the country that would not end until 1979. Somoza quickly acted to set himself up as dictator. He took away any sort of real power of the opposition parties, leaving them only for show. He cracked down on the press. He moved to improve ties to the United States, and after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 he declared war on the Axis powers even before the United States did. Somoza also filled every important office in the nation with his family and cronies. Before long, he was in absolute control of Nicaragua. Height of Power Somoza remained in power until 1956. He stepped down briefly from the presidency from 1947–1950, bowing to pressure from the United States, but continued to rule through a series of puppet presidents, usually family. During this time, he had the complete support of the United States government. In the early 1950s, once again president, Somoza continued to build his empire, adding an airline, a shipping company, and several factories to his holdings. In 1954, he survived a coup attempt and also sent forces to Guatemala to help the CIA overthrow the government there. Death and Legacy On September 21, 1956, Anastasio Somoza Garcà ­a was shot in the chest by young poet and musician Rigoberto Là ³pez Pà ©rez at a party in the city of Leà ³n. Là ³pez was instantly brought down by Somoza bodyguards, but the president’s wounds would prove fatal on September 29. Là ³pez would eventually be named a national hero by the Sandinista government. Upon his death, Somoza’s eldest son Luà ­s Somoza Debayle took over, continuing the dynasty his father had established. The Somoza regime would continue through Luà ­s Somoza Debayle (1956–1967) and his brother Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1967–1979) before being overthrown by the Sandinista rebels. Part of the reason that the Somozas were able to retain power for so long was the support of the U.S. government, which saw them as anti-communist. Franklin Roosevelt allegedly once said of him: â€Å"Somoza may be a son-of-a-bitch, but he’s our son-of-a-bitch.† There is little direct proof of this quote. The Somoza regime was extremely crooked. With his friends and family in every important office, Somozas greed ran unchecked. The government seized profitable farms and industries and then sold them to family members at absurdly low rates. Somoza named himself director of the railway system  and then used it to move his goods and crops at no charge to himself. Those industries that they could not personally exploit, such as mining and timber, they leased to foreign (mostly U.S.) companies for a healthy share of the profits. He and his family made untold millions of dollars. His two sons continued this level of corruption, making Somoza Nicaragua one of the most crooked countries in the history of Latin America. This sort of corruption had a lasting effect on the economy, stifling it and contributing to Nicaragua as a somewhat backward country for a long time. Sources Editors of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Anastasio Somoza: President of Nicaragua. Encyclopedia Britannica, January 28, 2019.Editors of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Somoza Family. Encyclopedia Britannica, August 24, 2012.La Botz, Dan. The Somoza Dynastic Dictatorship (1936–75). What Went Wrong? The Nicaraguan Revolution, A Marxist Analysis, p. 74–75. Brill, 2016.  Merrill, Tim L. (ed.) Nicaragua: A Country Study. Federal Research Division, U.S. Library of Congress, 1994.Otis, John. Dictators daughter wants UPI, April 2, 1992.Walter, Knut. The Regime of Anastasio Somoza, 1936–1956. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1993.

Business Law and profssional mail writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Law and profssional mail writing - Essay Example However, closer look at the case and its potential to create harm to more people makes the case important and noteworthy. The fact of the case is that Stella Liebeck, got severely burnt on her thighs and posterior due to a jerk when her grandson started the car, causing hot, scalding coffee to spill over and around the middle of her thighs where she had placed the coffee cup. The coffee was steaming at 180 to 190 degrees Fahrenheit. The extent of scald was serious enough to hospitalize Stella for eight days and undergo skin grafting. The incident took place at a McDonald's outlet at Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1992 and generated lot of interest and debate in legal circles. Stella was in her late sixties then. Initially, Liebeck demanded 20,000 dollars as claim settlement. But McDonald refused, and ultimately the court ordered $160,000 be paid to Liebeck by McDonald in compensatory damages, and another $480,000 as punitive award. The amounts of compensation and punitive award appear abnormally high as compared to the actual damage suffered by the victim at the most needing hospitalization, few days of trauma, and loss of time and personal activities. However, the holistic view taken by law transcends such basic issues and goes on to include other larger aspects such as public interest, corporate responsibilities and obligations, deterrent and preventive measures, breach of trust, the company's attitude and approach, and scope, scale and likelihood of recurrence, among a host of other reasons. The sovereignty of law does not end with the aspects mentioned. Its outcome and verdict becomes a citation and reference point for similar cases that occurs, or may occur, elsewhere in the country. II. The Case of Palsgraf versus Long Island Railroad In this case a woman, Mrs. Palsgraf standing at a distance from where an incident of two men attempting to jump inside a moving train car leads to the fall of a package containing fireworks. The fireworks explode causing shock reaction at the other end of the railway platform and scales to fall injuring the victim. The victim files for compensation. The majority decision upheld by Judge Cardozo reversed the judgment of the Trial Term and dismissed the complaint on the grounds that the injury caused to the complainant due to negligence could not be proved as something done intentionally or by an act of negligence. The act of the two guards standing close by in trying to save the men from falling triggered the fall of the exploding package. The dissenting voice of Judge J. Andrew dwells on the aspect of cause and effect. The fact of the matter was that the reactions of the two guards caused the package of fireworks to dislodge and fall on the tracks causing an explosion. The effect resulted in injury to the victim in the railway premises to which the defendants were the contributory cause. The effect may be referred as negligence but the compensation had to be paid. The dissenting judge points out that jurisprudence holds the cause responsible for the resulting effect even it occurs at a distance. By this

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Compare and contrast - Essay Example The main characters in Sweat are Delia, the protagonist, a black washerwoman who had been working on the laundry for white people; her husband, Sykes, the antagonist is an abusive husband openly and vagrantly practicing infidelity; Bertha, the other woman of Sykes who he sleeps with; and the townspeople at the village. On the other hand, in A Rose for Emily, the main characters are Emily Grierson, a round character is depicted by the town as a tradition; the rest of the characters are basically flat characters such as Tobe, Emily’s servant; the townspeople; mentions of Emily’s father (who died) and Homer Barron, the significant person in Emily’s life who supposedly dated her and then, disappeared. The main characters are similar in gender and being ‘talk of the town’ in some events in the story; but distinctly different in personality. Delia, despite her small frame and silent stance showed strength and courage in disposition when faced with an extre mely dangerous event (when confronted by the rattlesnake).

The Story of an Hour by kate chopin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Story of an Hour by kate chopin - Essay Example This also shows that the aspect of her seclusion to rediscover her emotions is vital. The narrator has critically analyzed her internal mental world, unlike her external world outside her bedroom. The window outside her room is vibrant and alive similar to her mental aspect while covering everything about her physical aspect. While the blatant use of some words is proof of this internal world, there are several cases of playful or ironic usage certain images or phrases to show the character’s joy in the story and the underlying message that marriage is limiting. The fact that at the end she also dies because of the excess happiness in many ways is symbolic of the â€Å"marriage† disease. Unless her antagonist â€Å"husband† is not present, she can never feel free much like an affliction. The detail that it is only her heart that is affected as compared to the entire body is indicative that her sadness from this disease symbolically stems from some internal factor. For example, in the description of her husband’s face, it is evident that he had affection for her sentiments that she does not reciprocate (Chopkins 7). This kind of direct and simple language is utilized only to highlight the things the main character hates. Therefore, the language shows that she never actually lov ed her husband. This helps bring out and simplify the language construct in the story for easier understanding of the character. The language becomes rich and lively with vibrant images and color when louse’s emotions are described in detail in regards to the things she likes. This contrasts sharply with the areas where the character is emotionally unattached or indifferent. The contrasts in some of the sentences in the book help highlight the characters responsive indifference. However, as the story progresses, the character and language come alive, as her real feelings are shown

Enzo Ferrari Leadership Strategy

Enzo Ferrari Leadership Strategy Enzo Ferrari was born in Moddena (Italy).He was Italian race car driver and entrepreneur. He founded the great motor racing team in history The Scuderia Ferrari f1 team and Ferrari car manufacturers .During the world war one Ferrari served in the Italian army and upon his return from the army he found that his family business collapsed. he then settled for mechanic job ,he left this job at 1920 to work for Alfa Romeo and also racing their cars. Ferrari had lot of success in local racing. Ferrari was manager of the Alfa Romeo car factory and also had a team of 40 drivers including him to participate in races. This was done under the banner of Alfa Romeo in the early days. Then on Ferrari started to get more grip on Alfa Romeo Company. When Alfa Romeo took more control of the racing Ferrari left Alfa to form his own racing team . First formula 1 race of Ferrari was in 1950. Ferrari is the only team in history of formula one to participate in every single championship. After their first victory in the British grand prix in 1951 what happened that is all history return in golden words .Car manufacturer whose every car enter the market is a success and a formula one which every driver want to drive at some point in their career. This is what Ferrari is. He died at age of 90 in 1988 I have chosen Enzo Ferrari as my leader because I admire him on what he have achieved from being a mechanic in workshop to a leading car manufacturer . Whatever I do I do it with a passion . And the leader I have chosen was highly regarded for his passion for fast moving cars , racing, and above all success in his area of expertise manufacturing cars. He was determined and achieved the level of success he wanted to be in. He motivates me to achieve the impossible . So I didnt had second thought in picking Enzo from my favourites for the position of leader profile that I am gone to work on for the leadership assignment. Analysing the leader based on Leadership Theories Trait Theory Traits refer to the trend in personnel behaviour. Effectiveness of the leader can be valued based on the traits possessed by the leader .we get more information on traits when we keep constant eye on consistent pattern of behaviour. How people behave in weak situations also comes into account when referring to trait theory. Enzo Ferrari analysed based on trait theory . Enzo Ferrari is regarded as effective leader during his era. Ferrari possessed various traits. When considering all traits he had there are some traits worth mentioning here. Self confidence, trustworthiness, assertiveness, enthusiasm. Incidents which Ferrari showed immense self confidence were starting scuderia on 1929, serving as manager and driving high speed cars, his ability to put things together at bad times to ripe better results in future. Self confidence is trait which all leaders have in their custody .so what made Ferrari a stand out in that. Self confidence is one thing that each motor sport racer have in their pocket .Because when you are speeding at 100 mph per hour in old times with no much protective gears in the cars you ought have some confidence to press the pedal even on sharp bends. Ferrari also showed his self confidence while entered into formula one without much support or sponsorship. The confidence Enzo had is still seen in the Ferrari team evidently. Enzo Ferrari has transferred one of his trait to his team that is assertiveness. which Ferrari car manufacturer have and Ferrari formula one team always shows in the entire history of motorsport . This trait was seen in Ferrari either in selecting drivers , making strategic decisions ,resolving company issues etc . Enzo always valued trust . give and take policy was usually adopted in the case of trust by Enzo . Alfa Romeo ,and other partners of Ferrari sees Ferrari as a trust worthy person .Enzo Ferrari always created enthusiasm in the people who he deals with . As a person who is really enthusiastic about the formula 1 racing , he poured that enthusiasm into his workers and formula 1 drivers . The level of enthusiasm Scuderia Ferrari is showing now in motor sport was from their dear leader Enzo Ferrari .This is main reason why which Ferrari team is winning championship and hunger to go for more. High energy and physical stamina helped Ferrari to participate in racing events apart from being the manger of scuderia.Ferrari was a reserved character , and usually not found of interviews .Enzo had all qualities in work related characteristics of a leader , when Alfa Romeo withdraw their entire support Ferrari fought against the obstacles and hardships through determination and desire to excel. His friends and technicians were sure that one Enzo is going to be great man . Enzo was practical and had responsibility in achieving the goals. Every time his decisions were not right , like once they lost a championship due to wrong selection of tyres by Ferrari .Winning racing and making unbeatable sports cars are resulted from team effects but Ferrari consider himself only accountable for all wrong moves and for success he made sure that credits usually goes to his team members. Behavioural Theory This approach says that anyone who adopts appropriate behaviour can be good leader. We usually consider two approaches ( autocratic and democratic) to analysis a leader. Behavioural theory and Enzo Ferrari In the early days itself sucedria Ferrari had policy of splitting the responsibility .Enzo Ferrari usually delegates the responsibility among the his crew . when Enzo was working under Alfa Romeo , Alfa used to share responsibities with Enzo like giving the control of racing team , positioning the strategies etc. Ferrari when started his own car manufacturing he used to share the authority to good and sound technicians to develop some best cars. Enzo also valued the comments of his mechanics and drivers ,This is also due to the fact that his profession also demanded him to be a democratic leader. He is not a person who is leading a country but a person who leads group of mechanics to produce world class sports cars . country can be run by a autocratic leader but a car company cannot . According to the workers of Ferrari car company Enzo Ferrari was charismatic and affectionate leader. Leadership style of Ferrari was a combination of boss centred and subordinate centred leadership. Applying Gardners roles on Ferrari ,he had goal to become world class car manufacturer and wanted his cars to won in formula 1 races , he managed and fixed values for the team . Ferrari served as racer for initial time and manged Alfa Romeos racing department. Ferrari was successful in achieving a workable unit with him Ferrari roped in some finest drivers like Fangio, Hill etc and got some really good mechanics from British car companies and Italian companies like Bugatti . Rene Dreyfus an ex Bugatti driver Says that he learned the business of motor racing from Ferrari . Ferrari was a great motivating factor for the team ,in the initial years Ferrari was a manger and racer used to attend races while other drivers are driving for scuderia .In last few years he didnt attended much races ,he got information about the races over phone from his employees but this was not his workers and mechanics want to see him in the motor sport arena and in the paddock with them as motivational factor .Such was the effect of Enzo Ferrari on his team.Constant conversations and explanation happened between Ferrari and his racing team . He used to explain about the car to his formula one drivers because in this sport good understanding about the car is essential for the success.Also the conversation between mechanics and manager Enzo was crucial in developing some of finest formula 1 cars Ferrari has ever produced .Till death in 1988 Ferrari served as a symbol of Scuderia Ferrari motor sport . Ferrari named one their cars as Enzo Ferrari in the remembrance of their great founder. The team Ferrari was represented by Enzo not only in the name but also in and out of the formula 1 field. As a leader of Ferrari motor racing team and car manufacturing Enzo always representative for his mechanics and drivers in the public . Although Ferrari was a reserved character and rarely gave interviews to media, his passion for the motor sport and love for cars made him the ideal representation of sc uderia Ferrari . Enzo Ferrari was consistent but adaptable to change in situation , when Alfa Romeo wanted more control in racing Ferrari thought of starting own car manufacturing using all limited resources available and bringing in new talents to his team . During 1960s Ferrari had financial crisis so he had talks with Fiat and got their support and over these years Ferrari team also followed the same tactics ,that is getting new support like shell, Pirelli etc as partners in formula 1 sport. Enzo Ferrari in the Leadership context Taking whole leadership context into account, there are certain things which are really applicable to Ferrari . There is nothing much to say on his traits and behaviours as there are already mentioned above. There werent much values that Ferrari used to put into his leadership style, nor much of an ethical approach. Ferrari is considered as a pure business man, although he love cars there is no sentimental relation with cars that is he was ready to sell old cars for scrap value if they are not working properly .In a way Ferrari used path goal theory to accomplish his vision. At that time face to face was reliable communication method although telephone was also there. When Ferrari started to not attending races his employees would convey the information about the races over the phone to Ferrari . Ferrari was a charismatic leader according to his friends and I also fee l the same . He was more of a transactional leader .This is evident from the strategy he adopted when there was a sho rtage of money, drivers will get the percentage of the winning money from the races . Drivers who have passion for motor racing work for fun and money , the fun they get from driving high speed cars and money from winning races ,so being a transactional leader Ferrari was able to employ some 40 drivers during 1940s They won him races and he paid them well . Enzos contribution to Ferrari company is what made him truly special . His vision was to make some unbeatable cars in the history of formula one and he and his crew was able to achieve it . Also the entire motorsport industry benefited from the advanced techniques introduced by Ferrari .Enzo Ferrari was job oriented than people oriented but still took a good care about his racing drivers. He used to remember the drivers who shed their life in the track with great pain and agony. Ferrari had structural frame of reference than human resources frame in gather information, make decisions, and exercise power. During the last years of his careers may be due the experiences he gathered, Ferrari turned into human resource frame of reference . Power and influence Power means the ability of the Ferrari to influence the people in his organization to bring desired outcomes . Influence in this context means how Ferrari was able to influence people in attitudes, actions etc .Ferrari had personal power He was an expert in the field of motor racing ,the knowledge he acquired during the days as manager of Alfa Romeo racing department, through his relation and experience with drivers and mechanics is what made him an expert in his area .So subordinates followed his ideas .Referent power are visible if leader is charismatic , Ferrari is regarded charismatic leader . This has effect on Ferrari formula one team even after 21 years of Enzos death .Reason is that Ferrari team is made up of passion and love for fast cars and racing .The influence Enzo had on his team in the early days was hunger for victory .This is still continuing even after his death through the never lasting thirst for victory in races for ferrari formula one team . The response to the type power Ferrari had was commitment from his workers .This commitment was really essential for building up of successful formula one team. Conclusion In the entire human history we come across many varieties of leader ,some truly great and some people want to forget from their memory . So what makes one a great leader. There is no single recipe answer for that. All the ingredients in right mixture makes a good dish same for leader also , effective traits, behaviour, influence on people, the way leader carry himself etc will result in evaluating him as a successful leader or not . Enzo Ferrari was a great business man and visionary but was he one of the greatest leader of all time ?, not really because he was the leader of a business empire, he has not transformed any individual to another level of potential or hasnt done something exceptional for mankind. Then what makes Enzo Ferrari special, a man who started as a mechanic after the collapse of family business, went through all hardships, fought against all odds to build an empire, a truly amazing car company which glitters in the car industry world .Ferrari was able to convert h is passion into reality. He was combination all effective traits for leader but didnt had anything more than a limit, like everything in proportion, that made him stand out. More job oriented character invited some criticism from his friends in early days, but he didnt changed his style. Being consistent that is what I liked about Ferrari. The stamina and self confidence from being a race driver helped him in his decision making. Life is like a chocolate box you dont no what you going to get from it this is applicable for race driver. A race driver is not sure what will be the result at the end of the race he just push the pedal and hope for a win ,same was done by Ferrari he wanted to win in the races and in business his drivers won the races for him and his leadership style and strategies combined to form the success in business. From a simple life to a millionaire life the journey of Ferrari was as exciting as a formula one race from start to chequered flag. When we look back int o the life history of Enzo Ferrari only thing he likes to convey is dreams will go in speed of f1 car but the control should be yours.

Metaphysics, Epistemology and George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four (198

Metaphysics, Epistemology and Orwell's 1984 Since the beginning of recorded time, philosophers have pondered questions of metaphysics (what exists, what is real) and epistemology (how we know what exists and is real, our proof). However in George Orwell's 1984, the need to answer these questions no longer exists for the majority, as the ruling party has created a new reality for its citizens, one in which what is real and what truly exists cannot be questioned. But on the flip side, the protagonist of 1984, Winston Smith, finds himself constantly searching for what is real in his life, and in a larger sense, in the society and world that surrounds him. In its simplest terms, metaphysics can be seen as a question of what it is that we know to be real, what truly exists. In a deeper sense, as defined by Aristotle, metaphysics attempts to understand the fundamental nature of all reality. Closely related to metaphysics is epistemology. Epistemology looks to define what knowledge is, how it is obtained, and what it is that makes anything knowledge at all. It serves to establish proof, a warrant for what we consider to be real, thus validating our knowledge of our own reality. Within 1984, Orwell, or rather "The Party" has created Big Brother, a larger-than-life character known to all citizens, uniting and influencing all of Oceania. To the citizens of Oceania, there is no question that Big Brother does not exist. To them Big Brother is real, he exists in the flesh just as the rest of the citizens of the nation. Almost no one entertains the proposition that he is merely a character, created to enforce party agendas and goals. His face appears in movies, on posters; he is virtually everywhere. Citizens are ... ...are being told. They will never know if what they are being told is the truth and will never distinguish between what is actually true and what is just mindless babble and propaganda. Works Cited Anderson, Alan. "Metaphysics: Multiple Meanings." April 14, 2000. May 31, 2000. Floyd, Nathan T. "Rhetoric & Epistemology." November 29, 1995. May 31, 2000. Khoury, Jonathan A. "1984 in 1996: How Orwell's 1949 Classic Describes our Government." May 31, 2000. Orwell, George. 1984. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1949. Hyperlinks http://websyte.com/alan/metamul.htm metaphysics http://www.lcc.gatech.edu/gallery/rhetoric/terms/epistemology.html epistemology http://members.aol.com/jonkhoury/1984.htm 1984

Boy in Striped Pyjamas and Rose Blanche essay

John Boone represents the different perspectives of society in World War II through the representations of characters in the fictional novel The Boy in Striped Pajamas. Brunt's childlike perspective is represented through his malapropism of ‘the Fury' and â€Å"Out-With† and his reaction to unexpected events, â€Å"mouth making the shape of an O†. The irony of Brunt's narrow view, â€Å"it's so unfair†¦ † Confronts the audience with the ignorance of some German citizens to the horrific events of the Holocaust.The characters of â€Å"Mother ND â€Å"Grandmother† are utilized by Boone to represent the differing perspectives of the society during the Holocaust. Grandmother exercises constructive disobedience in dissenting with the Nazi regime and perceiving Fathers role as â€Å"a puppet on a string†. This is juxtaposed to Brunt's Mother through the euphemism of â€Å"[Bruno] had never known anyone to need quite so many medicinal Sherriesà ¢â‚¬  showing her complacency to do nothing about the knowledge of the concentration camp. Boone positions an older audience to see the dangers of naivety and the cost of inaction.Rose Balance composed by Robert Innocent juxtaposes the main protagonist to others in the picture book, representing the differing perspectives during the Holocaust. The purpose of the text is established by the motif of Rose positioned behind a window, symbolizing her separation from the evil of the Nazi regime. A single bright color is utilized throughout the text, which Innocent uses to juxtapose the dominant influence of Rose Balance and the Nazi regime. Innocent's use of the ironic statement, wars being, people often cheer† confronts a modern audience who recognizes the historical horrors of war.The foreshadowing of seasons â€Å"winter was coming† at the being of the book develops into a symbol of hope after the protagonist is killed and â€Å"spring takes over'. The French translation of Balance connotes the innocence and purity of the protagonist; however the audience soon recognizes Rose's loss of innocence as her bow is lost. The responders are forced to distinguish the evil of the Nazi party from the protagonist whom Innocent represents as a symbol of the innocence and humanity.The Boy in Striped Pajamas and Rose Balance are both tragic representations of innocence through the confronting atrocities of the Holocaust. However, The Boy in Striped Pajamas allows the reader to explore different notions while Rose Balance is a stark representation of the horrors of war. Boone blurs the boundaries between innocence and ignorance through the perspective of Bruno as he â€Å"pretends he hasn't heard† the true about his friend Samuel and the concentration camp.

Malansang Isda by Rosalinda Olsen Essay

†Ang hindi nagmamahal sa sariling wika ay masahol pa sa malansang isda† is one of the most often quoted of Rizal’s writings. Why, then, did he write his two novels, Noli me tangere and El Filibusterismo in Spanish? In his dedication of theNoli me Tangere, Rizal wrote, â€Å"I will strive to reproduce thy condition faithfully, without discriminations. † Surely, the national hero of the Philippines was not somebody who said one thing and did the opposite. Both novels portrayed the social and political conditions of the time through characters that represented a cross section of Philippine society—the natives who were called the Indios, the Peninsuslares or the Spanish who were born in Spain, and the Filipino or the Spanish who were born in the Philippine Islands—immortalized in the characters of Crisostomo Ibarra and his beloved Maria Clara, Elizas, Padre Damaso, Dona Victorina, and the sinister Padre Salvi. These characters represented the ideal and the despicable, the funny and the tragic, the truly comic and the merely ridiculous. There was enough in the novel to satisfy the Filipinos’ appetite for a good laugh and a love story–the more sentimental, the better—serving as a thin layer to hide the bitter satire. It can be said that Rizal’s two novels awoke the slumbering political passion of his countrymen so successfully that it quickened the birth of the Philippine Revolution. If this were Rizal’s aim, which most decidedly was not, he would have written the novels in Tagalog. Not only would this have been understandable to most people in Luzon, it would have hidden the revolutionary intent from the Spanish. As it was, the novels had to be distributed in secret among the Indios because the Spanish authorities banned those books. Which leads to the question of whom his target audience was in, order to answer the first question of why he wrote the Noli me tangere and theEl Filibusterismo in the language of the Spanish colonizers. So much has been written about Rizal’s extreme reluctance for revolution as the solution to the social cancer that was destroying his country, in contrast to his passionate advocacy of education and political reform. Evidently, the Spanish colonizers were Rizal’s primary target audience, hence, he wrote in their language. The Indio could have been a secondary target audience, perhaps in the hope that the ilustrados would fight for the socio-political reforms that were clearly indicated in the novels. There was no need to reproduce the social conditions of the time to the Indio who knew it only too well and constantly suffered from it. Rizal wrote the novels in Spanish because that was the appropriate language for his intent. Language is basically a tool, a means to express ideas and to communicate these, but before being a tool, language is first a reflection of one’s objective reality. Language is a symbol that represents the material objects in one’s environment. If an object does not exist in one’s material universe, one would have no word for it. For example, a person in search of gold in a certain area might show the natives a gold piece and ask what the natives call that metal and where he could find it. If there is no word for gold among the natives, it either means there is no gold in the area or the natives have not seen or heard of that metal before. When Rizal wrote the famous lines â€Å"Ang hindi nagmamahal sa sariling wika ay masahol pa sa malansang isda†, he was not referring to language merely as a communication tool but as an expression of one’s identity, of one’s individual and social consciousness. In the novels, Dona Victorina represents the type of Filipino who rejects her identity as Indio and who would do everything to deny it in every form, particularly in mannerism and language. More than a hundred years have passed since Rizal wrote his two novels but the social and eco-political structures remain basically the same. Only the ruling class has been changed, Filipinos have replaced the colonial masters. At the tip of an inverted pyramid is the very small minority of the power class that consists of the affluent and the Catholic hierarchy. At the top of this pyramid is about 80% of the population that have been assessed by the World Bank-IMF as living below poverty level. Between these two main groups is the middle class that shows no sign of increasing in number. Only a miracle would keep this unnatural pyramid from toppling over, but that belongs to another article. Undoubtedly, Pilipino (supposedly the expanded and enriched form of Tagalog) is not the language of the power class. Most of them speak English and some prefer to speak Spanish. The masses can read and speak Pilipino, as it is a required subject in school, but chances are, they speak their cradle tongue among themselves and most of the time, which would be any of the major languages and the numerous dialects. The language of the middle class is an odd mix of English, Pilipino, and their radle tongue. Since language is a reflection of one’s identity, could we then say that the Filipinos have one national identity? Without a common identity, there could be no real sense of nationhood. This is what Rizal meant by that famous quotation that is often quoted but only the surface level. Pilipino is the national language but the preferred working language of government, business, and education as well as the mass media remains English. There would be nothing amiss with this if it were not for the great majority of the population whose knowledge of English is not functional. It is not surprising that government can get away shamelessly with graft and corruption because the masses have little understanding of what is going on. Clearly, language in Philippine contemporary society is the one big wall that divides the powerful from the masses of poor people, notwithstanding all the calls for people empowerment. One would think that the entertainment industry, specifically the movies and the television, might be a vehicle for uniting the people because the movies are still affordable and one could always go to the neighbor’s to watch television. Just take a quick look at the commercials; most of them are in English. Noontime and evening variety shows are probably the worst because the language used by the hosts and participants reflects the jargon of the â€Å"lost tribe† aka Manila people, which is a horrible porridge of English and Pilipino with an even more horrendous lack of grammar or logical syntax. So much for the local role models, let’s take a look at the school system. According to a DECS ruling, Pilipino should be the mode of classroom instruction. So far, this has worked, in some fashion, in the elementary grades and to a lesser extent, in the secondary and the tertiary levels. Textbooks in Pilipino have been published and used in the schools, but all the references remain English. In fact, teachers find it impossible to use Pilipino in teaching mathematics, algebra, chemistry, or physics, philosophy, etc. Not surprisingly, the pupil is subjected to a kind of mental lobotomy and eventually their soul is truncated, amputated, or dichotomised. Brave souls who perhaps wanted to â€Å"make a difference â€Å" in the academe, have attempted to write their undergraduate or graduate thesis in Pilipino. Some succeeded, but one can’t help wondering if their theses would ever be taken down from the library shelves to be read and enjoyed. Few would have the courage to admit that they would rather read Rizal’s novels in English, not just because it would be easier for them but because the Pilipino translations are so antiquated that one would read it only under duress, which is to say, only because the school requires it. The Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia got their independence from their colonial masters at about the same time. All three countries created a national language that would be the expression of the national soul and, thus, be a unifying element. Sadly, Pilipino has not succeeded in being the language of the government and the governed, in contrast to how Indonesia and Malaysia has used their respective national languages. Indonesia does not use Dutch as the language of government, education and commerce. Neither do the Malaysians use English as their working language. An anecdote would illustrate this. A friend was on holiday in Kuala Lumpur. One day, she took a cab and, naturally, spoke to the taxi driver in English. In polite but cold tones, the driver asked her, â€Å"Madam, why do you talk in English? We are all Malaysians. † Nonplussed, she said she was Filipino and the taxi driver apologized and explained that she looked Malaysian. It might be an excellent thing for Philippine politicians to have experienced this, but then again, they would be more likely to hire a limousine (at Filipino taxpayer’s expense, of course) and lose the chance of being told to speak the national language by a lowly taxi driver. Is the Filipino then a â€Å"malansang isda†? Using the â€Å"isda† analogy, the Filipino might well be like a fish out of water, in the sense that Filipinos are supposed to be living in one country—the big sea—that has become an alien territory to citizens whose ties have remained regional or tribal rather than national. A fish out of its natural habitat would quickly die and stink. Rizal did not have all the answers to Philippine problems, but he has practically said it all. For the young, he collected folk stories and legends. For the more mature, he wrote the novels, Noli me tangereand El Filibusterismo, the two long essays â€Å"The Indolence of the Filipino† and â€Å"The Philippines a Century Hence† as well as poetry and countless articles. Jose Rizal is the national hero and his portrait is in the lowest denomination of Philippine paper money. Every Filipino knows Rizal, but do they understand him? Those who have read his novels remember only the love story of Ibarra and Maria Clara, the antics of Dona Victorina, and the pathetic Sisa. High School and college graduates are obliged to take the Rizal course as a requirement for graduation, but how many of them understand the two long essays relative to what is happening in the Philippines today, if they read it at all? Rizal has been iconized and even idolized by a sect that calls themselves â€Å"Rizalistas†, but the Filipino has yet to realize and actualise his relevance.